using-clj-mutate

分类: 开发与编程 | 上传者: unclebob | 下载: 0 | 版本: v1.0（最新）

Use when mutation-testing Clojure code, assessing test quality beyond coverage, or investigating surviving mutations to strengthen specs

更新日志: Source: GitHub https://github.com/unclebob/clj-mutate

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---
name: using-clj-mutate
description: Use when mutation-testing Clojure code, assessing test quality beyond coverage, or investigating surviving mutations to strengthen specs
---

# Using clj-mutate

## Overview

Mutation testing for Clojure. Mutates source code systematically, runs your specs against each mutant, and reports which mutations survived (tests didn't catch) vs were killed (tests caught). Surviving mutations reveal gaps in your test suite that line coverage alone cannot detect.

## Setup

Add a `:mutate` alias to your project's `deps.edn`:

```clojure
:mutate {:main-opts ["-m" "clj-mutate.core"]
         :extra-deps {clj-mutate/clj-mutate {:local/root "/path/to/clj-mutate"}
                      org.clojure/tools.reader {:mvn/version "1.4.2"}}
         :extra-paths ["spec"]}
```

Requires [Speclj](https://github.com/slagyr/speclj) as test runner with a `:spec` alias that runs all specs.

Optional coverage integration (skips mutations on uncovered lines):

```clojure
:cov {:main-opts ["-m" "speclj.cloverage" "--" "-p" "src" "-s" "spec" "--lcov"]
      :extra-deps {cloverage/cloverage {:mvn/version "1.2.4"}
                   speclj/speclj {:mvn/version "3.10.0"}}
      :extra-paths ["spec"]}
```

## Usage

```bash
# Mutation-test a source file (all covered lines)
clj -M:mutate src/myapp/foo.cljc

# Retest only specific lines (e.g. survivors from previous run)
clj -M:mutate src/myapp/foo.cljc --lines 45,67,89
```

The tool automatically:
- Runs a baseline test (`clj -M:spec`) to verify all specs pass unmodified
- Applies each mutation, runs all specs with timeout (10x baseline)
- Restores original file after each mutation
- Stamps source with `;; mutation-tested: YYYY-MM-DD` on full runs
- Runs coverage if `lcov.info` is missing or stale

## Mutation Rules

| Category | Mutations |
|----------|-----------|
| Arithmetic | `+` <-> `-`, `*` -> `/`, `inc` <-> `dec` |
| Comparison | `>` <-> `>=`, `<` <-> `<=` |
| Equality | `=` <-> `not=` |
| Boolean | `true` <-> `false` |
| Conditional | `if` <-> `if-not`, `when` <-> `when-not` |
| Constant | `0` <-> `1` |

## Interpreting Results

| Result | Meaning | Action |
|--------|---------|--------|
| **Killed** | Test caught the mutation | Tests are strong here |
| **Survived** | Tests passed with mutant code | Write a spec that would fail with the mutation |
| **Timeout** | Mutation caused infinite loop | Treated as killed (mutation had observable impact) |
| **Equivalent** | Mutation can't change behavior | Auto-suppressed; no action needed |

## Equivalent Mutation Suppression

Known-equivalent mutations are auto-suppressed to reduce false survivors:
- `<`/`<=`/`>`/`>=` mutations on `(rand)` comparisons
- `=` mutations in `rand-nth` single-element guards
- Constants inside `rand-nth [...]` pools
- `>` -> `>=` at `subvec` boundaries

## Workflow

1. Write specs using BDD/TDD
2. Run `clj -M:mutate src/myapp/foo.cljc`
3. Review survivors -- each is a test gap
4. Write specs to kill survivors
5. Retest survivors: `clj -M:mutate src/myapp/foo.cljc --lines 45,67`
6. Repeat until kill rate is satisfactory

## Common Mistakes

- **Specs not running**: Ensure your `:spec` alias runs all specs under `spec/`
- **Specs fail at baseline**: Fix your specs before mutation testing
- **Chasing equivalent mutations**: Some survivors are mathematically equivalent; suppress them rather than writing impossible tests

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